Что нужно обязательно прочитать, прежде чем задавать вопрос по рискам передачи
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@троцак-вячеслав спасибо большое за пояснение) вроде бы всё уже прочитаешь, но вот этот 1 кейс на 40 млн инфекций по миру немного будоражит мнительный ум) может люди были не честны до конца, а мы паримся…
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@троцак-вячеслав
Можно по передачи через поцелуй,документированно, поподробней.
Слово, Втирание, прямо к месту.🙂😉 -
@anotherphob да, есть большие сомнения, что они занимались только влажными поцелуями. Но случай заражения в Элисте показывает, что подобный путь вполне возможен при условии “втирания” ВИЧ+ крови в поврежденную кожу, слизистую, чего в Вашем случае не было.
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@parsek документ есть, но разрешены ли здесь ссылки?
CDC: "# Deep, Open-Mouth Kissing
Although very rare, transmission can occur if both partners have sores or bleeding gums and blood from the partner with HIV gets into the bloodstream of the HIV-negative partner."Глубокие, поцелуи с открытым ртом
Хотя это происходит очень редко, передача может происходить, если у обоих партнеров есть язвы или кровоточащие десны, а кровь партнера с ВИЧ попадает в кровоток ВИЧ-отрицательного партнера."In February 1996, transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) by an unknown route involving an HIV-infected man and his previously uninfected female sex partner was reported to CDC. This report summarizes the epidemiologic investigation of this transmission, which suggests that the woman was infected through mucous membrane exposure to contaminated blood. *
In 1992, after obtaining informed consent from the HIV-infected man and his uninfected female sex partner, they were enrolled in a study in which couples with one HIV-infected partner and one non-HIV-infected partner were extensively counseled, administered questionnaires, and tested periodically for HIV infection. Blood drawn from the woman on July 19, 1994, was HIV-negative by both enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). However, serum specimens obtained from the woman on July 24, 1995, and September 11, 1995, were positive by both EIA and immunofluorescent assay. During the interval from the month before her last HIV-negative test (June 1994) to the month of her first HIV-positive test (July 1995), the woman denied known risk exposures for HIV (i.e., other sex partners; noninjecting- or injecting-drug use; sexually transmitted diseases; blood transfusion; artificial insemination; occupational exposure to HIV; or acupuncture, tattoos, body piercing, or other percutaneous injections).
The sources of information obtained separately from each partner by two independent interviewers during this investigation and by interview records obtained during the study before the couple was aware of the HIV transmission were consistent about the couple’s sex practices during June 1994-July 1995. During this period, the woman and her partner reported having vaginal intercourse an average of six times per month but never during menses. The couple reported always using latex condoms (for men) during sex, most times with the spermicide nonoxynol-9. The couple denied having had anal sex during this period. Although the couple reported a condom breakage that occurred in January 1994, both independently denied awareness of condom breakage or slippage during June 1994-July 1995 and believed that the condom remained in place each time while the penis was withdrawn. The couple engaged in “deep kissing” (open-mouth to open-mouth) several times per month. The man indicated that his gums frequently bled after he brushed and flossed his teeth and that the couple generally engaged in sexual intercourse and “deep kissing” at night after he brushed his teeth. Occasional instances of oral sex between the couple reportedly did not involve the exchange of semen or blood. In addition, the woman recalled using the man’s toothbrush and razor, both without visible blood, on one occasion each, but she was unable to specify whether these events occurred during the putative infection period of June 1994-July 1995.
The man had been HIV-infected since 1988 as the result of injecting-drug use, and he reported longstanding poor dentition and occasional sores in his mouth. On August 29, 1994, the man had a normal platelet count and a CD4+ T-lymphocyte count of 110 cells/uL. On September 6, 1994, he sought medical care at a clinic because of a cough, stress, and intermittent weight loss; small vesicles were noted in his throat. At a follow-up visit in April 1995, canker sores, halitosis, and gingivitis were noted. In May 1995, at his first dental visit since 1988, gingivitis and oral hairy leukoplakia were diagnosed. The man had never received antiretroviral medications or prophylaxis against Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia although they had been recommended to him.
Because of a 4-month history of increasing dental sensitivity to hot and cold, on August 8, 1994, the woman underwent a dental evaluation followed by endodontic therapy (a “root canal”). Her dental records noted poor condition of gums, 2-mm to 6-mm pockets (indicating periodontitis), poor personal dental hygiene practices, and a recommendation for periodontal therapy. No complications or excessive bleeding from the endodontic therapy were reported by the woman or noted by the dentist. The dentist had been tested for HIV in May 1996 and was negative by EIA.
On August 26, 1994, the woman had onset of a syndrome of 7-10 days’ duration characterized by fever of 102 F (39 C), headache, swollen lymph nodes, sore neck and back, and muscle aches in her legs. On September 2, she sought medical care from her primary-care physician, who noted erythema and inflammation of the gingiva. The physician diagnosed a viral process with concomitant gum infection and prescribed erythromycin for treatment. The woman reported no other clinically important illness from June 1994 to July 1995.
Blood samples were obtained from both HIV-infected partners in April 1996. A nested PCR was used to amplify proviral HIV DNA sequences from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and viral RNA sequences from serum were amplified using a nested reverse transcriptase PCR. Analysis of a 345-nucleotide segment of the C2V3 region of the env gene revealed a 4% nucleotide difference between the man and woman’s PBMC proviral sequences and a 9% difference between the viral strains in the man and woman’s serum. Sequence analysis of the complete p17 region of the gag gene from the PBMC proviral DNA from each partner indicated only a 1.6% nucleotide difference between the proviral sequences of the man and woman. Phylogenetic analysis of the C2V3 sequences grouped all HIV strains from the couple’s PBMCs and serum as a monophyletic clade distinct from sequences from other HIV-infected persons in the United States, with a bootstrap support of 87% (1). These laboratory results indicate a high degree of relatedness between the viruses infecting the man and woman, supporting the conclusion that HIV was transmitted from one to the other. Testing of stored PBMCs obtained from each partner in 1995 produced similar results.
Reported by: N Padian, PhD, S Glass, Univ of California at San Francisco. HIV Laboratory Investigations Br, Div of AIDS, STD, and TB Laboratory Research, National Center for Infectious Diseases; Epidemiology Br, Div of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, CDC. "
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@троцак-вячеслав стоит понимать, что генетикой эти кейсы не верифицированы, и сам указанный путь – со слов. Иногда люди не готовы признать, что у них был секс, а поцелуйчики признать готовы.
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@ilya-antipin “Analysis of a 345-nucleotide segment of the C2V3 region of the env gene revealed a 4% nucleotide difference between the man and woman’s PBMC proviral sequences and a 9% difference between the viral strains in the man and woman’s serum. Sequence analysis of the complete p17 region of the gag gene from the PBMC proviral DNA from each partner indicated only a 1.6% nucleotide difference between the proviral sequences of the man and woman. Phylogenetic analysis of the C2V3 sequences grouped all HIV strains from the couple’s PBMCs and serum as a monophyletic clade distinct from sequences from other HIV-infected persons in the United States, with a bootstrap support of 87% (1). These laboratory results indicate a high degree of relatedness between the viruses infecting the man and woman, supporting the conclusion that HIV was transmitted from one to the other. Testing of stored PBMCs obtained from each partner in 1995 produced similar results”.
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@троцак-вячеслав
данный кейс верифицирован по источнику, хотя и нет данных по ВН на момент передачи или близко к, а это было бы интересно, потому его CDC и не игнорировала, но в целом картинка по подобным кейсам в плане доказательства источника обычно так себе.
Впрочем, это верификация более или менее снимает вопросы об источнике, но путь так же основан на расспросе. Или поймали экстремально редкое событие, бывает и так, или, что я более вероятным считаю, кто-то немного привирал об обстоятельствах, или же просто однажды кто-то не использовал презерватив и не сказал об этом, с учетом того, что речь идет о потребителе инъекционных наркотиков… ну, там всякое бывает.Я не понимаю, почему данный путь тут рассматривают как вероятный, при том, что тут же сами же и оговариваются:
Exposure to saliva uncontaminated with blood is considered to be a rare mode of HIV transmission for a number of
reasons, including the following: (1) saliva inhibits HIV
infectivity; (2) HIV is isolated infrequently from saliva; (3)
none of the approximately 500,000 cases of AIDS reported
to the CDC have been attributed to exposure to saliva; (4)
levels of HIV are low in saliva of HIV-infected persons, even
in the presence of periodontal disease; and (5) transmission of HIV in association with kissing has not been documented in studies of nonsexual household contacts of HIVinfected persons.
Other routes of exposure to the man’s semen or blood
cannot be excluded definitely, including vaginal intercourse
(both partners reported consistent condom use) and sharing toothbrushes or razors (the woman reported that
shared use of these items occurred only once). -
Пользователь @ilya-antipin написал в Что нужно обязательно прочитать, прежде чем задавать вопрос по рискам передачи:
transmission of HIV in association with kissing has not been documented in studies of nonsexual household contacts of HIVinfected persons.
Видимо “взасос” не относится к несексуальным контактам.
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@ilya-antipin господи, помоги мне выжить среди этой смертной любви
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Здравствуйте! Произошла такая ситуация. Я потеряла сознание и знакомый рядом держал мой язык, что б я его не проглотила. Так получилось, что я ему прокусила руку до крови. Есть ли риск для меня? Так как его кровь могла попасть мне в рот.
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@alina23 если у знакомого ВИЧ, он без терапии, и вы проглотили большое (многие мл) крови – теоретически возможно, хотя все равно маловероятно. Нужно, чтобы еще и кислотность нарушенная была и куча других факторов редких сойтись.
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@ilya-antipin хорошо, спасибо Вам большое.
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Здравствуйте. Был защищённый п/а с постоянным партнером во время критических дней. Презерватив слезал, но он его надел обратно и он надулся как шарик (не сильно). Есть ли риск заразиться вич, если во время п/а он все таки лопнул? Семяизвержения не было.
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Пользователь @alina23 написал в Что нужно обязательно прочитать, прежде чем задавать вопрос по рискам передачи:
он надулся как шарик (не сильно).
Кто надулся? Партнер?😁😁🤣🤣
Я представил.😂😂🤣🤣🤣
Не сильно.😁
Алина, какая то вы травмаопасная. То кусаетесь, то что то надувается после вас(не сильно)🤣🤣.
Извиняюсь,но правда смешно.
Скоро,наверное, Илья Игоревич ответит вам по существу. -
@parsek так я же написала «презерватив»
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Пользователь @alina23 написал в Что нужно обязательно прочитать, прежде чем задавать вопрос по рискам передачи:
презерватив
Слава Богу!
А я то подумал!🤣🤣🤣
Он же в конце лопнул.😁🤣🤣
Шучу я. Насмешили.🙂 -
@Ilyа-Аntiрin Илья Игоревич, ответьте пожалуйста.😞 Постараюсь меньше надоедать.
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@alina23 как нескучно вы живете
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@alina23 надутое не может быть лопунтым, а то, что мертво – умереть не может. Это каждый знает. Не было никаких рисков по описанию.
